Texas v. United States

Korematsu v. United States

323 U.S. 214 (1944)

Upheld Executive Order 9066 authorizing the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, finding the exclusion order constitutional under wartime military necessity. Justice Murphy's dissent called it the 'legalization of racism.' Widely condemned as one of the Court's worst decisions, it was effectively repudiated in Trump v. Hawaii (2018), where Chief Justice Roberts stated that Korematsu 'was gravely wrong the day it was decided.'

Trump v. Hawaii

585 U.S. 667 (2018)

Upheld President Trump's Proclamation restricting entry from several predominantly Muslim countries, finding it within the President's broad authority under the Immigration and Nationality Act. The Court applied rational basis review and rejected the Establishment Clause challenge. In dicta, Chief Justice Roberts repudiated Korematsu v. United States.

International Refugee Assistance Project v. Trump

857 F.3d 554 (4th Cir. 2017)

Upheld a preliminary injunction against President Trump's revised travel ban executive order, finding that it likely violated the Establishment Clause. The en banc court examined whether the executive order was motivated by anti-Muslim animus based on the President's public statements. Later vacated by the Supreme Court in Trump v. Hawaii.

Washington v. Trump

847 F.3d 1151 (9th Cir. 2017)

Upheld a temporary restraining order blocking enforcement of President Trump's first travel ban executive order. The court rejected the government's argument that the President's immigration decisions are unreviewable by the judiciary, finding the states had standing and were likely to succeed on due process claims.

Zivotofsky v. Secretary of State

725 F.3d 197 (D.C. Cir. 2013)

Held that the President has exclusive authority to recognize foreign sovereigns and their territorial bounds, invalidating a congressional statute requiring the State Department to record 'Israel' as the birthplace of U.S. citizens born in Jerusalem upon request. Later affirmed by the Supreme Court in Zivotofsky v. Kerry.