Title 28: Judiciary and Judicial Procedure
Federal court organization, jurisdiction, civil procedure, judicial officers, habeas corpus, and the Department of Justice.
176 chapters · 1,234 sections · 5 key sections available
Key Sections (5)
Number of Justices; Quorum
The Supreme Court has nine justices — one Chief Justice and eight associates. At least six justices must be present to hear and decide cases.
Federal Question Jurisdiction
Federal courts can hear any civil case involving federal law, the Constitution, or a treaty, with no minimum dollar amount required.
Civil Action for Deprivation of Rights (42 U.S.C. § 1983)
Section 1983 allows individuals to sue state and local government officials in federal court for violating their constitutional rights, seeking monetary damages or court orders.
Power to Grant Writ of Habeas Corpus
Federal courts can issue habeas corpus writs to review whether a prisoner is being held illegally. State prisoners must first exhaust all state court remedies before seeking federal review.
Diversity of Citizenship Jurisdiction
Federal courts can hear cases between citizens of different states when the amount in dispute exceeds $75,000. This is called diversity jurisdiction and helps ensure out-of-state parties get a neutral forum.