U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

534 F.3d 181 (3d Cir. 2008)

Struck down the Child Online Protection Act (COPA) as unconstitutional, finding that less restrictive alternatives existed for protecting children from harmful material on the internet. Upheld the district court's permanent injunction against the statute on First Amendment grounds.

939 F.3d 91 (3d Cir. 2019)

Addressed the constitutionality of sex offender registration requirements under the Due Process Clause and Ex Post Facto Clause. Examined whether retroactive application of registration and notification statutes constitutes punishment requiring additional procedural protections.

950 F.3d 159 (3d Cir. 2020)

Addressed Fourth Amendment protections for email communications stored by third-party service providers. The court examined the scope of warrants for electronic communications and the applicability of the Third Party Doctrine in the digital age following the Supreme Court's decision in Carpenter v. United States.

217 F.3d 162 (3d Cir. 2000)

Struck down the Child Online Protection Act on First Amendment grounds, finding that community standards-based obscenity restrictions cannot be applied to the internet because content is available nationwide. Held that less restrictive alternatives such as filtering software could protect children without burdening adult speech.